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Eye Structure

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We have been drawing skulls and this will walk students through how the eye fits in the skull and vocabulary to go along with this.

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let's start by going over some common terminology the eye socket refers to the hole in the skull where the eyeball sits the top edge of this hole has Edge called the Brower in the eyeball is covered by a top and bottom lid at the inner side of the lips there is a tear duct and the white portion of the eye how is called the sclera and the window to our soul is made up of the iris which is the colored portion the pupil that's the black. And the cornea which is a transparent cover shaped like a contact lens now all these elements make up the eye but it's important to first understand the simplified structure of the eye the simplified form should show through all the details and brown Ridge can be simplified into a block the front plane represents the forehead when the bottom plane is the roof of the socket of course the eyeball is a ball from the side you can see that the eyeball is deep inside the socket and the marriage accident on it to protect the sensitive I've from things like rain dust asteroids and bird poop when drawing eyes I start by finding their placement on the face we already know that the face can be broken up into thirds the bridge is represented by the top of the middle third I like to find the Keystone shape of the glabella which is the space between the eyes also known as the third from there I'll continue down the side of the nose to the bottom of the lid and back around to the bridge make sure to observe how far down that bottom will it is if the person isn't looking up or down but straight ahead then generally the center of the eyes will be placed in the center of the head then find the horizontal position I look for an angle from the wings of the nose to the tear duct from the front view this will usually be a straight line up of course first you need to find the placement of the nose which all cover next time and as a general rule of thumb this width of the eye is about the same as the distance between the eyes coming to stay just to make the eyes too big but doesn't look that good does it it's probably because we think of you guys as being more significant than the rest of the face and so we do this but this isn't always the correct way to make something appear more significant instead consider adding more contrast sharper edges and more detailed shapes now that we have the general forms the placement and the size of the eyes established let's go deeper and explore each part individually the sclera or commonly called the white of the eye is a sphere and so it needs to be shaded like one even though it's no the white of the eye a common mistake is to actually make it white this will cause it to look flat the part of the sclera that is visible through the opening in the lids play has a soft creation and that's enough to show us around it the eyelids wrapped around the eyeball is so again it's important to her where are the simple spherical form underneath and how it affects the outer forms construct the shape of the top layer using three planes side planes and stop playing for the bottom lid I used to plan pay attention to the differences between all these angles and don't draw fish shapes or almond-shaped eyes they taste good but they don't look good as I've  typically the peaks of these planes won't be symmetrical look for the diagonal another factor that will change the shape of the lids is the cornea since it is a convex form as the cornea moves it will push the lids out notice how the shape of the top lid changes as the eye moves also the lids have some thickness to them so showing the bottom playing of the top lid stop playing of the bottom lid is very important  if the light source is above the eye as it usually is the top laid will have a shadow underneath bottom light will have a highlight on top from the side the top lid sticks out further to protect with underneath just like the bread and the last thing about the is the epicanthic fold some people have the skin covering the entire tablet others have the entire tablet visible and some only a Porsche the placement of the tear duct is not in the center it's actually a little bit lower when a person turns far enough towards the side the eyeball and cornea will cover the connection between the tear duct and the lids and so you'll see a little piece of the tear duct peeking from behind  the shape and anger the iris is commonly overlooked it will only be a perfect circle from the front view on the eye turns to the side the shape becomes an oval the fur what are the irises from the center to narrow the oval will become if the eye looks to the side and upper down the oval will be angled to when an angle imagine a straight line from the center of the eyeballs to the iris the angle of the Iris will be perpendicular the cornea sits right on top Iris it is convex and transparent like a contact lens the iris which is the colored part is also convect according to anatomical diagram but I like to draw as if it's concave this gives the I am more lifelike effect this is important to know when you start shaving imagine the lights are coming from the top right the iris as a concave form will be lit at the bottom left the cornea as a convex form will have the opposite light pattern love you at the top right since the cornea is transparent only the Highlight will be visible so an easier way to remember all this is at the Highlight will always be on dark side of the iris  then opening the pupil as a black. The pupil is a hole in the iris that lets in light dilates to let in more light and contracts to let in less light when drawing the people from the side angle be sure to dry it on the iris not on the cornea the eyebrows sits on the bridge and Peaks towards the outer and the outside and tend to be lighter thinner and have less the shape of the eyebrows varies from person to person but men tend to have Fuller straighter types while women tend to have dinner types that Peak higher the trick with eyelashes is to group them together into chunks and draw them a simple dark shapes from the front the dark shapes of the lashes marriage with a dark shadow under the top lid if the lashes are long and curl up enough to be seen as individual lashes still try to simplify them drawing each laugh I like to draw them blurry as if they're out of focus group them into little triangles and very the shapes from the side the shape is like a curly train I hope you guys enjoyed this tutorial next week I'll continue with the I and step by step of drawing and I

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